New Zealand troops open the road to Arezzo, July 1944

Truppe neozelandesi aprono la strada ad Arezzo nel luglio del 1944

Questa scoperta, annunciata a grandi caratteri su un giornale locale nel luglio del 2013, è supportata non solo dalle numerose fotografie negli archivi di guerra neozelandesi, ma anche dalle tombe di ventisette giovani neozelandesi che giacciono al vicino Arezzo War Cemetery (ad Indicatore). Quasi tutti questi soldati morirono fra il 13 e il 15 di luglio del 1944, i giorni della battaglia di Monte Lignano, l’ultimo e decisivo scontro che convinse il nemico ad abbandonare Arezzo.

Infatti, in quel torrido luglio del 1944, furono soldati della Seconda Divisione neozelandese a combattere la battaglia decisiva che aprì la strada alla liberazione di Arezzo. L’VIII Armata britannica aveva liberato Cortona il 3 luglio, e la IV Divisione indiana aveva già raggiunto Castiglion Fiorentino, ma i Tedeschi occupavano ancora le alture che sovrastano la strada (SS71). Così furono chiamati in azione gli uomini della Seconda Divisione neozelandese ed a Monte Lignano la sesta Brigata ebbe la soddisfazione di ingaggiare gli stessi paracadutisti tedeschi contro i quali aveva combattuto a Cassino pochi mesi prima. La vittoria neozelandese nella battaglia di Monte Lignano (15-16 luglio) permise all’VIII Armata britannica di prendere Arezzo, un vitale nodo stradale e ferroviario da cui lanciare attacchi sulla Linea Gotica più a nord.

Finita la sua missione ad Arezzo, la Divisione si trasferì immediatamente ad ovest dove avrebbe svolto, nelle settimane successive, un ruolo importante nella battaglia per Firenze. 

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A local newspaper of Arezzo published an article in July 2013 announcing the startling discovery of the New Zealand role in the battle for the liberation of the Arezzo. The bold headline announced that New Zealanders had won the crucial battle that allowed the liberation of Arezzo. This fact, the journalist wrote, was proved by countless New Zealand war archive photos, and the dates of death of the New Zealand soldiers buried in the Arezzo War Cemetery.  Among the 1266 graves in this small cemetery west of Arezzo, are twenty-seven New Zealand soldiers, most of whom died during the battle of Monte Lignano, which opened the way to Arezzo. 

The battlfield south of Arezzo

The British Eighth Army entered the town of Cortona on 3 July 1944, and the IV Indian Division had reached Castiglion Fiorentino, but the Germans still commanded the heights overlooking the highway (Route 71) and the Allies seemed unable to make further headway. The 2nd New Zealand Division, considered a force skilled in mountain warfare, was summoned urgently  north, The Division transferred from the Cassino area to the shores of Lake Trasimeno, and 6th Brigade, destined directly to the front south of Arezzo, hastened further north up SS 71 towards the ancient Etruscan town of Cortona, camping among the olive groves on the slopes below the town, before going into battle at Monte Lignano. 

The medieval centre of ancient Cortona 
Olive trees still cover the slopes below the town

On the bush-clad heights above Castiglion Fiorentino just south of Arezzo, at Monte Lignano, on 15-16 July 1944, the New Zealand troops had the satisfaction of engaging with the same German paratroopers they had fought at Montecassino. Their victory at Monte Lignano was decisive for the capture of Arezzo, a vital road and railhead for the attacks on the Gothic Line further north.


 


It was this final battle that convinced the enemy to withdraw from Arezzo, allowing the British to liberate the town (July 16), which had miraculously survived intact. For most of the New Zealand soldiers, Arezzo remained an unseen gem, as the Division was immediately required further west where, in the successive weeks, it would play a significant role in the battle for Florence.


New Zealand soldiers near Castiglion Fiorentino during the action at Lignano
(NZ Archive ref. WH2DiSiP037a) 

New Zealand infantry return from Monte Lignano 
(NZ Archive ref.  WH2-2ItaP015b)

New Zealand graves at the Arezzo War Cemetery

   




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